Development and validation of a low-cost simulator for training in gynecological procedures

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate the appearance and functionality of a low-cost simulator for training in gynecological procedures, including speculum examination, hysterometry, and intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. Methods: Conducted at a federal university in northeastern Brazil, this methodological study involved two stages: prototype development/testing and appearance/functionality validation. Results: Twelve Family and Community Medicine residents (mean age 28 years; 58.3% male) participated in validation. The simulator, classified as low-cost (BRL 202.00 ≈ USD 36), featured medium technological complexity, handcrafted production, and enabled all proposed procedures. The evaluation instrument showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.915). Accessibility (4.69 ± 0.62) and usability (4.8 ± 0.4) scored highest, while realism was moderate (4.0 ± 1.06). Positive correlations were found among domains, notably between versatility and usability (ρ = 0.714; p < 0.01) and between technology and realism (ρ = 0.543; p < 0.01). Discussion: The simulator proved accessible, safe, and effective for teaching gynecological procedures, enhancing clinical training and reducing educational inequalities. Its affordability, versatility, and pedagogical value support use in undergraduate and continuing education, aligned with competency-based curricula and sustainable practices that promote equitable access to high-quality training in sexual and reproductive health.